ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Gouqi chewable tablets on innate and adaptive immunity in normal mice and its antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe effects of low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （0.25， 0.5， 1.5 g·kg-1） on the immune function of normal mice were observed by carbon clearance test， immune organ index test， serum hemolysin test， ConA-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation test， and natural killer cell （NK cell） activity test. The effects of Gouqi chewable tablets on the antioxidant capacity in vivo were determined by detecting the content of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in mice serum. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Gouqi chewable tablets was detected by 2，2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS）， 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）， and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests. ResultCompared with the blank control group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of Gouqi chewable tablets improved the viability of NK cells， the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes， and the level of serum hemolysin antibody in mice （P<0.05）. The high-dose group increased the thymus index， spleen index， and phagocytic function of macrophages （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the blank control group， the activity of GSH-Px in mice serum in the medium-dose group was increased （P<0.05）， and the content of MDA in mice serum in the high-dose group was decreased （P<0.05）. In in vitro antioxidant tests， the median inhibitory concentration （IC50） values of Gouqi chewable tablets were 1.64±0.20， 2.04±0.03， and 10.27±0.03 g·L-1 by the DPPH， ABTS， and OH- free radical method， respectively. Those results indicated that Gouqi chewable tablets have good antioxidant effects in vitro. ConclusionGouqi chewable tablets can enhance the immune function of mice with good antioxidant effects.
ABSTRACT
Platelet function tests have been increasingly used to assist in the diagnosis of platelet disorders and prethrombotic state, monitoring of the efficacy of antiplatelet therapies, and personalized treatment. On the basis of light transmission aggregometry, new methods for platelet function test have been developed successively. At present, the research and development of platelet function detector is in its infancy in China. The active constituents of antiplatelet Chinese medicines can be classified into terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, organic acids, lignans, diketones, volatile oils, and stilbenes. The results of dose-antiplatelet effect relationship of Chinese medicines and the active constituents showed that the effective concentration of the extracts or monomers of Chinese medicines was at micromolar level(μmol·L~(-1)), among which salvianolic acid B and ginkgolide K, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide A had the strongest antiplatelet effect. These results suggest that the antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicine may be weaker than that of chemical drugs and biological products. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the structure-activity relationship of the active constituents in existing Chinese medicines and further improve their efficacy through structure modification. The antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicines and the constituents involves multiple pathways and multiple targets. These research results provide a reference for clinical application of them. However, there is still a lack of large-scale multi-center clinical trials to confirm the efficacy and safety of them. The regularity of the relationship between the structures of various constituents and their corresponding functions is still unknown and the relevant signal transduction pathways and structure-activity relationship need to be further studied. This paper summarized and analyzed the determination methods of platelet functions and the research results of antiplatelet Chinese medicines, which is of reference value for the research of effective and safe antiplatelet Chinese medicines.
Subject(s)
Biological Products , China , Medicine, East Asian Traditional , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Platelet Function TestsABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a method for evaluating the biological activity of water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang based on the phagocytic and secretory functions of macrophages， and to control the quality of this formula from the biological activity level. Method:The phagocytic and inflammation models of RAW264.7 macrophages were established， the inhibition rates of water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang on interleukin-6 （IL-6） secretion and phagocytic index of neutral red of RAW264.7 macrophages were chosen as indicators to investigate the biological activity of Qingjin Huatantang， and the biological limit was searched. Result:The optimal inoculation density of RAW264.7 macrophages was 3×10<sup>5</sup> pcs/mL， and the concentration of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> after treatment for 24 h. When the concentration was 500 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>， water extract lyophilized powder of Qingjin Huatantang had no toxicity and no obvious promotion effect on the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages， and at this concentration， the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages for neutral red was significantly promoted， the phagocytic index was >113%. In addition， the lyophilized powder had a significant and stable inhibitory effect on IL-6 secretion of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS， the inhibitory rate was >45%. Conclusion:Combined with the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Qingjin Huatantang， this study establishes an <italic>in vitro </italic>biological limit method for evaluating the quality of water extract of Qingjin Huatantang based on the phagocytic and secretory functions of RAW264.7 macrophages， and 500 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> was confirmed as the limit concentration. Under the limit concentration， Qingjin Huatantang water extract can significantly promote the phagocytic index of macrophages or significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-6 of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS， which can be judged as qualified.